Welcome to Australian Indigenous Languages, a study of Australia's unique linguistic heritage.
I will be your Course Coordinator, Lecturer and Tutor. I come with nearly 40 years exposure to and engagement with several Australian Indigenous languages, beginning with Gugadja in 1980. I have experience working with both 'strong' languages (such as Pintupi, Pitjantjatjara and Yolŋu Matha) that are still spoken by all generations within their home communities, as well as nearly 30
years working with the Kaurna language of Adelaide, a language which is reclaimed from written historical sources and is now being re-learnt and re-introduced.

An intensive Summer course allows us to really focus on the field of study. I am sure that you will find it an interesting and worthwhile course, as students have found in past years. This area of study is rapidly changing with advances in research, implementation of programs and technological innovation and so this course is evolving to accommodate those changes.


I look forward to working with you as we explore Australian Indigenous languages from a range of different perspectives.
See you soon
Nakutha!               Ngula nyakunytjaku!                         Nhäma yalala!

Rob

 

The AIL Summer School will be taught face-to-face over 3 weeks from 9th January till 25th January

Mornings: LECTURES/DISCUSSIONS/WORKSHOPS:

Tuesdays 9.30am – 12.30pm (Ligertwood 231, Lecture Theatre)

Wednesdays 9.30am - 12.30pm. (Ligertwood 231, Lecture Theatre)

Thursdays 9.30am - 12.30pm. (Ligertwood 231, Lecture Theatre)


Afternoons: WORKSHOPS/SMALL GROUP DISCOVERY

Tuesday 2pm - 4pm. (Horace Lamb, 422, Teaching Room)

Wednesday 2pm - 4pm. (Horace Lamb, 422, Teaching Room)

Thursday 2pm – 4pm (Horace Lamb, 422, Teaching Room)

1	Know where to access accurate, reliable and up-to-date information on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander languages.
2	Pronounce Aboriginal words written in established orthographies with confidence.
3	Engage with, read and make sense of the grammar of an Australian language.
4	Understand the nature of the relationships between Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander languages.
5	Apply linguistic analytical techniques and problem solving approaches to a body of language data drawn from Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander languages, thereby strengthening and developing linguistic skills and understandings.
6	Have a good linguistic foundation upon which to proceed with the learning and/or documentation of an Australian language.
7	Contribute to promoting understandings and appreciation of Australia’s unique linguistic heritage.
8	Understand the underlying causes of language loss in Australia and efforts to maintain and revive them.
9	Reflect on and write coherently about a range of issues confronting Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander languages.
10	Appreciate the significance of Indigenous languages to their owners, speakers and custodians and implications for healing, health and well-being.

TEXTBOOK:

 SSABSA (1996) Australia’s Indigenous Languages. Senior Secondary Assessment Board of South Australia, Wayville. [book and accompanying CD]

(There are several copies of the text in the library and copies are available for loan from the Course Coordinator).



READING BRICK:

 A 2010 reading brick with key readings is downloadable from MyUni.

Highly Recommended:

Koch, Harold & Rachel Nordlinger eds. (2014) The Languages and Linguistics of Australia: A Comprehensive Guide. De Gruyter – Mouton, Berlin. BSL:499.15 K762l (also available Online)

Hobson, John, Kevin Lowe, Susan Poetsch & Michael Walsh (eds) (2010) Re-awakening Languages. Theory and practice in the revitalisation of Australia’s Indigenous Languages. Sydney University Press.

McGregor, William B. ed. (2008) Encountering Aboriginal Languages. Studies in the history of Australian linguistics. Pacific Linguistics, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, ANU Canberra.

Walsh, Michael & Colin Yallop (1993) Language and Culture in Aboriginal Australia. Aboriginal Studies Press, Canberra.

Dixon, R.M.W. (2002) Australian Languages: Their nature and development. Cambridge University Press.

Bowern, Clare & Harold Koch (2014) Australian Languages and the Comparative Method. BSL: 410.5 A528.4

National Indigenous Languages Survey (NILS) Report I (2005) http://arts.gov.au/sites/default/files/pdfs/nils-report-2005.pdf

National Indigenous Languages Survey (NILS) II (2014) http://www.aiatsis.gov.au/research/projectproducts.html


 
Some More Good Books and Articles

Amery, Rob & Mary-Anne Gale (2008) “But our language was just asleep: A history of language revival in Australia. In William McGregor (ed.) Encountering Aboriginal Languages. Studies in the history of Australian linguistics. pp. 339-382.

Amery, Rob (2000) Warrabarna Kaurna! Reclaiming an Australian Language. Swets & Zeitlinger, Lisse, The Netherlands.

Blake, Barry (1977) Case Marking in Australian Languages. Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies, Canberra.

Blake, Barry (1987) Australian Aboriginal Grammar. Croom Helm, London.

Blythe, Joe & R. McKenna Brown eds. (2003) Maintaining the Links. Language, Identity and the Land. Proceedings of the seventh conference presented by the Foundation for Endangered Languages, Broome, 22-24 Sept. 2003. Foundation for Endangered Languages, Bath, UK.

Calma, Tom (2009) Social Justice Report 2009. Australian Human Rights Commission, Sydney. On-line at http://www.hreoc.gov.au/Social_Justice/sj_report/sjreport09/index.html

Clendon, Mark (2014) Worrorra a language of the north-west Kimberley coast. University of Adelaide Press.

Dixon, R.M.W. (1980) The Languages of Australia. Cambridge University Press.

Dixon, R.M.W., W.S. Ramson & Mandy Thomas (1990) Australian Aboriginal Words in English. Their origin and meaning. Oxford University Press, Melbourne.

Eades, Diana ed. (1995) Language in Evidence. Issues confronting Aboriginal and multicultural Australia. UNSW Press, Sydney.

Evans, Nicholas (2003) The Non-Pama-Nyungan Languages of Northern Australia. Comparative studies of the continent’s most linguistically complex region. Pacific Linguistics 552.[BSL 499.05 P1171552]

Evans, Nicholas (2010) Dying Words. Endangered Languages and What They Have To Tell Us. Wiley-Blackwell, Malden, MA.

First Languages Australia (2015) Warra. Building teams, building resources.

First Languages Australia (2015) Angkety map. Digital resource report.

First Languages Australia (2015) National Indigenous Languages Collection Strategy.

First Languages Australia (2015) Junyirri. A framework for planning community language projects.

Gale, Mary-Anne (1997) Dhaŋum Djorra’wuy Dhäwu. A history of writing in Aboriginal languages. Aboriginal Research Institute, UniSA.

Green, Jenny (2014) Drawn from the Ground: Sound, Sign and Inscription in Central Australian Sand Stories, Cambridge University Press.

Grimes, Charles E. (2009) Indigenous languages in education: what the research actually shows. Australian Society for Indigenous Languages. Palmerston NT.

Harkins, Jean (1994) Bridging Two Worlds. Aboriginal English and Crosscultural Understanding.
University of Queensland Press, St Lucia.

Hartman, Deborah & John Henderson eds. (1994) Aboriginal Languages in Education. Alice Springs, IAD Press.

Henderson, John & David Nash eds. (2002) Language in Native Title. Aboriginal Studies Press, Canberra.

Hercus, Luise, Flavia Hodges & Jane Simpson eds. (2002) The Land is a Map. Placenames of Indigenous Origin in Australia. Pandanus Books, ANU Canberra.

Hercus, Luise & Harold Koch eds. (2009) Aboriginal Placenames: naming and re-naming the Australian landscape. ANU e-Press, Canberra.

House of Representatives (1992) A Matter of Survival. Report of the Inquiry into Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Language Maintenance.  AGPS, Canberra.

Kendon, Adam (1988) Sign Languages of Aboriginal Australia. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Koch, Harold & Luise Hercus eds. (2009) Aboriginal Placenames. Naming and Re-Naming the Australian Landscape. Aboriginal History Monograph 19. ANU E Press, Canberra.

McConvell, Patrick, Rob Amery, Mary-Anne Gale, Christine Nicholls, Jonathan Nicholls, Lester Irabinna Rigney and Simone Ulalka Tur (2002) “Keep that Language Going!” A Needs-Based Review of the Status of Indigenous Languages in South Australia. A consultancy carried out by the Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies for the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander
Commission, South Australia.

McConvell, Patrick & Nicholas Evans eds. (1997) Archaeology and Linguistics. Aboriginal Australia in a global perspective. Oxford University Press, Melbourne.

McConvell, Patrick & Nicholas Thieberger (2001) The State of Indigenous Languages in Australia - 2001. Second Technical Paper Series No. 2. A report compiled for Environment Australia, Department of Environment and Heritage, Canberra.

McKay, Graham (1996) The Land Still Speaks. NBEET, AGPS Canberra.

Meakins, Felicity (2014) A Grammar of Bilinara: An Australian Aboriginal Language of the Northern Territory. De Gruyter – Mouton,
Berlin.

Mühlhäusler, Peter (2008) History of research into Australian pidgins and creoles. In William McGregor (ed.) Encountering Aboriginal Languages. Studies in the history of Australian linguistics. pp. 437-457.

Purdie, Nola, Tracey Frigo, Clare Ozolins, Geoff Noblett, Nick Thieberger, Janet Sharp (2008)
Indigenous Languages Programmes in Australian Schools. A Way Forward. ACER Report. Department of Education,Employment and Workplace Relations, Canberra. On-line at:http://www.dest.gov.au/sectors/school_education/publications_resources/profiles/Indigenous+Languages+Programs+in+Australian+Schools+%E2%80%93+A+Way+Forward.htm

Romaine, Suzanne (1991) Language in Australia. Cambridge University Press.

Schmidt, Annette (1990) The Loss of Australia's Aboriginal Language Heritage. Aboriginal Studies Press, Canberra.

Shnukal, Anna (1988) Broken. An introduction to the Creole language of Torres Strait. Pacific Linguistics, ANU Canberra.

Simpson, Jane, Mary-Anne Gale and Rob Amery (2008) I could have saved you linguists a lot of time and trouble: 178 years of Research and Documentation of South Australia’s Indigenous Languages. In William McGregor (ed.) Encountering Aboriginal Languages. Studies in the history of Australian linguistics. pp. 85-144.

Simpson, Jane, David Nash, Mary Laughren, Peter Austin & Barry Alpher eds. (2001) Forty Years On. Ken Hale and Australian Languages. Pacific Linguistics.

Simpson, J. and G. Wigglesworth (2008) Children's language and multilingualism: Indigenous language use at home and school. Continuum International Press, London.

Sutton, Peter & Michael Walsh (1979) Revised Linguistic Fieldwork Manual for Australia. Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies, Canberra.

Thieberger, Nicholas (ed.) (1995) Paper and Talk: A manual for reconstituting materials in Australian Indigenous languages from historical sources.  Aboriginal Studies Press, Canberra.

Thieberger, Nicholas & William McGregor eds. (1994) Macquarie Aboriginal Words. Macquarie Library, Sydney.

Tunstill, Guy (2004) Adnyamathanha R to 10. A teaching framework for revival and second language learning in years reception to ten. Department of Education and Children’s Services, Adelaide.

Wilkins, David (2008) ‘W(h)ither language, culture and education in remote Indigenous communities of the Northern Territory?’ Australian Review of Public Affairs. October 2008.
On-line at: http://www.australianreview.net/digest/2008/10/wilkins.html

Wilson, Greg (2004) Arabana Years R to 10. An Arabana teaching framework for reception to year 10. Language revitalisation and second language learning. Department of Education and Children’s Services, Adelaide.

 

JOURNALS

Voice of the Land

Ngoonjook

Australian Journal of Linguistics (AJL)

Australian Aboriginal Studies (AAS)

New Internationalist (NI 473 June 2014 edition ‘The Politics of Language Loss’)


 

 

MyUni
Additional course-related material will be posted on MyUni, including Lecture Content, Announcements and other resources.


Useful Websites

First Languages Australia http://www.firstlanguages.org.au/

Mobile Language Team (MLT) based at the University of Adelaide http://www.mobilelanguageteam.com.au/

Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies (AIATSIS) website
http://www.aiatsis.gov.au/collections/muraread.html

Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) – 1996 Statistics
http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/2f762f95845417aeca25706c00834efa/aadb12e0bbec2820ca2570ec001117a5%21OpenDocument#

Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) – Indigenous Language and Culture
http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/ViewContent?readform&view=ProductsbyTopic&Action=Expand&Num=5.1.7

Batchelor Institute of Indigenous Tertiary Education http://www.batchelor.edu.au/

David Nash’s Australian Languages pages http://www.anu.edu.au/linguistics/nash/aust/

David Nathan’s Aboriginal Languages of Australia Virtual Library http://www.dnathan.com

Department of Prime Minister & Cabinet, Office of the Arts: Indigenous Languages Support (ILS)
http://www.arts.gov.au/indigenous/ils

Department for Education and Child Development (DECD) http://www.decd.sa.gov.au/teachingandlearning/pages/Language/indigenous/

Federation of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Languages and Cultures (FATSILC) http://www.fatsilc.org.au/

Kaurna Warra Pintyanthi http://www.adelaide.edu.au/kwp/

Pitjantjatjara Language course at the University of South Australia http://programs.unisa.edu.au/public/pcms/course.aspx?pageid=106079

Yolngu Languages courses at Charles Darwin University http://learnline.cdu.edu.au/yolngustudies/

Centre for Australian Languages and Linguistics (CALL) Batchelor Institute for Indigenous Tertiary Education (BIITE) https://www.batchelor.edu.au/research-2/#

Australian Human Rights Commission http://www.hreoc.gov.au/Social_Justice/sj_report/sjreport09/index.html

Transient Languages & Cultures Blog http://blogs.usyd.edu.au/elac/

Iltyem-iltyem: Sign Languages in Central Australia http://iltyemiltyem.com/

Centre of Excellence of the Dynamics of Language www.dynamicsoflanguage.edu.au/
 
International Web Sites:

Foundation for Endangered Languages (FEL) http://www.ogmios.org/

The Hans Rausing Endangered Languages Project, SOAS http://www.hrelp.org/

First Voices web pages (British Columbia) at  http://www.firstvoices.com/

Kualono, University of Hawai’i webpages at  http://www.olelo.hawaii.edu/

Māori Language Commission pages at  http://www.tetaurawhiri.govt.nz/

Advocates for Indigenous California Language Survival http://www.aicls.org/

Linguistics, University of California at Berkeley http://linguistics.berkeley.edu/research/field/

Manx Heritage Foundation http://www.manxheritage.org/

Language Documentation & Conservation http://nflrc.hawaii.edu/ldc/

 

 

This course is delivered through an intensive Summer School. Whole-day lecture/workshop sessions will be held on Tues/Wed/Thurs in Weeks 1 and 2 and on Wed/Thurs/Fri of Week 3 over a 3-week period, leaving long weekends for students to pursue their own reading, research and assignment preparation.
Material for completion of Assignment #1 will be presented to class during the 1st week. Students will hand up this assignment early in Week 2.
Similarly, material needed for completion of Assignment #2 will be presented in Week 2 and should be handed in by the end of the lecture break.
The Summer School will be a combination of presentation of material through Lectures, group discussion, practical workshops and small group work focussed on practical engagement with specific language data and problem-solving. Formative work will be undertaken in workshop mode and in small groups to prepare students for the completion of summative assessment tasks.

The information below is provided as a guide to assist students in engaging appropriately with the course requirements.

15 hours lecture/workshop per week (x 3)	45 hours
Reading	36 hours
Research	36 hours
Assignment Preparation	36 hours
	TOTAL: 156 hours

Week 1	Lecture/Workshop Content	Associated Readings	Associated Assignments
Day 1 12 Jan.	Overview; Key Issues	Text Ch.1; Evans (2010); McConvell & Thieberger (2001); Calma (2009); Elkin (1970); Walsh (1997); Rigney (2002)	Essay topic #2
Day 1 12 Jan.	Language, Land and Identity	Text Ch.2; Bell (2002); Henderson (2002); Sutton (1979); Hercus & Simpson (2002)
Day 2 13 Jan.	The Distribution of Australia’s Languages; South Australia’s Indigenous Languages	Text Ch.3; DECS (2009); Simpson et al (2008); McConvell et al (2002); Schmidt (1990)
Day 3 14 Jan.	Sound Systems and Writing Systems	Text Ch.5; Gale (1998); Thieberger (1995); Schebeck (2004); Fletcher & Butcher (2014)	Assign #1 DUE 18 Jan. 2016

Week 2	Lecture/Workshop Content	Associated Readings	Associated Assignments
Day 4 19 Jan.	Lexicon, Semantics & Metaphor Indigenous taxonomies	Text. Ch.6; Hansen (1984); Walsh (1992); Goddard (1993); McConvell (2000); Amery (1993).
Day 4 19 Jan.	Language & Culture Linguistic etiquette Sign language	Text Ch.4; Walsh & Yallop (1993); Ways of Thinking video	Essay topic #2 Essay topic #3 Essay topic #4 Essay topic #6
Day 5 20 Jan.	Australian Aboriginal Grammars	Text Ch.7; Green (1994); Blake (1989); Evans (2003); Dixon (1982); Nordlinger (2014)
Day 6 21 Jan.	Language Connections	Text Ch.8; Koch (2014); Bowern & Koch (2014); Pensalfini (2001); Evans (2003); Dixon (2002);	Assign #2 DUE 15 Feb. 2016 Essay topic #4

Week 3	Lecture/Workshop Content	Associated Readings	Associated Assignments
Day 7 27 Jan.	Aboriginal Languages in Education	Grimes (2009); Devlin (2009); Walsh (2003); Wilkins (2008); Simpson et al (2009); Mühlhäusler et al (2004); Purdie et al (2008)	Essay topic #1 Essay topic #7
Day 8 28 Jan.	Language Maintenance and Language Revival	Text Ch. 9; Amery & Gale (2008); Walsh in Hobson et al (eds) (2010); NILS I and II Reports; First Languages Australia (2015)	Essay topic #1 Essay topic #7
Day 8 28 Jan.	Aboriginal English; Australian Creales and Koines	Text Ch.10; DEET (1995); Harkins (1994); Sandefur (1985); Urry & Walsh (1981); McConvell (2008); Eades (1995); Amery (1993)	Essay topic #11
Day 9 29 Jan.	Language and the Law Language and Health Interpreting and Translation Future Prospects	Eades (1988) Cooke (1995) Trudgen (2000) Cass et al (2002) ARDS (2009)	Essay topic #8 Essay topic #9 Essay topic #10

Attendance of all 9 days of the Summer School iscompulsory. Students will be expected to complete additional exercises and
small-scale investigations working within small groups and overnight between teaching sessions. Application to these tasks will contribute to the 10% awarded to attendance and participation.

Students will work together in small groups on internet search tasks; transcription tasks and practical analytical tasks and small-scale investigations. Many of these tasks will be formative tasks leading up to the summative assessable tasks.
SGDE tasks will be especially relevant to days 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8 and 9.
The class will relocate to Horace Lamb 422 ‘the sandpit’ for many of these SGDE exercises.

TASK	WEIGHTING	LEARNING OBJECTIVES	DUE DATE
Practical Investigation #1	25%	2, 5, 6	Due 15 Jan. 2018
Practical Investigation #2	25%	3, 4, 5, 6	Due 5 Feb. 2018
Essay (3,000 words)	40%	1, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10	Due 26 Feb. 2018
Attendance & Participation	10%	1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10

Attendance of all 9 days of the Summer School is compulsory. Students will be expected to complete additional exercises and small-scale investigations working within small groups and overnight between teaching sessions. Application to these tasks will contribute to the 10% awarded to attendance and participation.

Assignment 1: Practical Investigation: Sound Systems

Word Count Equivalence: 1,000 words

Due Date: 15 Jan. 2018

 

A. Sound Systems of Australian Languages:

Compare and contrast the sound systems and orthographies of 5 Australian Languages from diverse regions: Worrorra (Kimberley WA), Anmatyerr (Central Australia, NT), Kathang (north coast NSW), Ngarrindjeri (Coorong & Lower Murray SA) and Kala Kawaw Ya (Western Torres Strait).

What are the commonalities and differences between the sound systems of these 5 languages?

Compare and contrast the orthographies employed.

 

Assignment 2: Practical Investigation #2 (Comparative Linguistics)

 Word Count; 1,000 words

Due Date: 5 Feb. 2018

Investigate the linguistic relationships between two South Australian languages (or any two languages chosen in consultation with the Course Coordinator). Consider genetic relationships, as well as relationships resulting from language contact and diffusion. Consider a range of aspects of language, including phonological,
lexical, semantic and grammatical similarities and differences.

 

Assignment 3: Essay

Word Count: 3,000 words (Level 3)

Due Date: 26 Feb. 2018

 
Select one of the following topics
Essay Topics

 1.       The theme of NAIDOC Week in 2017 “Our Languages Matter” focussed attention on Australia’s Indigenous Languages. What indications are there that Australian society is increasingly embracing this theme? Discuss.

2.       The public (and indeed many Indigenous people) often want a ‘pronunciation guide’ which entails spelling Indigenous words using English conventions (eg Pitjantjatjara “(pronounced as pigeon-jarrah)” http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/national-parks/uluru-kata-tjuta-national-park/culture-and-history/anangu-language or “pit-jan-jah-jarra” and “anangu (pronounced arn-ahng-oo” https://parksaustralia.gov.au/uluru/pub/fs-anangulanguage.pdf ). See also http://www.slq.qld.gov.au/resources/atsi/languages/word-lists/body-parts/yugambeh-body-parts
Is this a good idea? What problems are introduced? Be sure to discuss with copious reference to specific examples.

3.       Can Aboriginal languages survive? The number of languages still transmitted by natural means to the younger generation continues to decline. At last count (NILS II) only 13 of an original 250 or more distinct languages are still being acquired as an L1 by children. Discuss. Consider the fate of all of Australia’s Indigenous languages, not just those acquired as an L1.

4.       Taxonomies (the ways in which different entities are grouped together) provide a window into the worldview of the speakers of a language. In some languages these categories are overt, in others they are covert. In what ways do Indigenous Australian taxonomies differ to English (and other European languages)? Be sure to provide examples from a range of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander languages.

5.       What is a ‘revival grammar’ or a ‘recovery grammar’ (see for instance John Giacon’s (2017) Yaluu. A Recovery Grammar of
Yuwaalaraay and Gamilaraay https://t.co/O6zt5m9NBJ) and how does it differ to a ‘regular’ grammar of an Aboriginal language (eg Felicity Meakins & Rachel Nordlinger’s (2013) A Grammar of Bilinarra An Australian Aboriginal Language of the Northern Territory ?


6.       What is language planning? What role does language planning play in relation to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander languages? Compare with language planning efforts in New Zealand and Hawai’i.

7.       Review the Framework for Aboriginal Languages and Torres Strait Islander Languages developed within the Australian Curriculum. See https://www.australiancurriculum.edu.au/f-10-curriculum/languages/framework-for-aboriginal-languages-and-torres-strait-islander-languages/. How well does this Framework accommodate the special needs of Australia’s diverse Indigenous languages?

8.       Specialist interpreters (eg medical, legal, social security etc) are needed in Aboriginal Australia. Explain how interpreting in Yolngu Matha or Pitjantjatjara is different to interpreting for French or Japanese speakers in Australia.

9.       What is Kriol? How and why did Australian creoles develop? How do they differ from Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander English varieties? Be sure to illustrate with copious examples.

10.    Topic of your own choice. N.B. THIS MUST FIRST BE DISCUSSED AND APPROVED BY THE COURSE COORDINATOR.

Be sure to draw on reputable published print-based references, though of course you may complement these with sources
accessed from the internet, popular press or other ephemeral material. Wherever possible, relate your own experience to issues discussed in the literature.

 

1.        Assignments to be submitted via Canvas/MyUni.

2.       All assignments must be accompanied by a signed cover sheet (includes plagiarism declaration)

3.        Ensure that your Course Coordinator’s Name, Course Title (including Level II or III) and Assignment Title appear on the cover sheet.

4.        All assignments must be in grammatical English.

5.        Phonetic transcription may be hand-written legibly, though use of electronic IPA symbols is preferred. Typed assignments must be double-spaced with a minimum 10 font.

6.        Alwayskeep a copy of your work. (Just occasionally things do go astray)

7.        Assignments submitted late require a doctor’s certificate, counsellor’s certificate or similar proof/documentation.

8.        Extensions (normally up to one week) MUST be organised prior to the due date.

9.      Penalty with no extension is 2% per day up to 7 working days.

10.      Unless an extension has been approved, late assignments will not be accepted more than 7 days after the due date.