• Biography/ Background

  Dr Tingay has over 20 years experience in overpressure analysis, pore pressure prediction and petroleum geomechanics. He graduated with a PhD from the University of Adelaide in 2003 with a thesis entitled ‘In Situ Stress and Overpressures of Brunei Darussalam’. Since 2003, Dr Tingay has conducted over 40 industry-based research and consulting projects on a range of petroleum geomechanics and overpressure issues. Dr Tingay has worked world-wide, but with a primary focus on the Asia-Pacific region, including compilation of the first present-day stress map for SE Asian petroleum basins, determination of overpressure origins in Brunei, Thailand and Malaysia and new pore pressure prediction methods for the Gulf of Thailand and NW Borneo. Dr Tingay’s research track record includes publication of over 75 peer-reviewed papers, giving over 150 presentations at conferences and professional society meetings, and providing over 100 media interviews. In 2009 he was awarded the inaugural Australian Society of Exploration Geophysicists Early Achievement Award for “significant contributions to geophysics by a scientist under the age of 36”. In 2011 he received a prestigious ‘Young Tall Poppy Science Award’ and was runner-up for South Australian Young Scientist of the Year. In 2015 he received the AAPG Cam Sproule Award for the best paper in an AAPG publication by a young author. Since 2013, Dr Tingay is currently Head of Pore Pressure and Geomechanics at Petronas and an Adjunct Associate Professor in geomechanics and drilling engineering at the University of Adelaide.

• Qualifications

  1997: Bachelor of Science (Geology & Geophysics)

  1998: Bachelor of Science - 1st Class Honours (Geophysics)

  2003: Doctor of Philosophy (Earth Sciences)

  2011: Graduate Certificate in Education (Higher Education)

• Awards & Achievements

  • 2015 Cam Sproule Award by the American Association of Petroleum Geologists for the best paper published by a young author in an AAPG publication.
  • 2015 Invited Guest Editor for special section on Pore Pressure Prediction in the SEG/AAPG journal Interpretation.
  • 2015 Technical program committee member for the Geopressure 2015 conference, Durham, UK.
  • 2014 Technical program committee member for the SEG conference on Geopressure, San Antonio, USA.
  • 2014 Invited course instructor for SPE Asia-Pacific on Pore Pressure Prediction and Petroleum Geomechanics.
  • 2012 American Association of Petroleum Geologists "Award of Excellence - Top 10 Oral Presentation" for being judged as one of the 10 best oral presentations at the 2012 AAPG International conference and exhibition, Singapore.
  • 2012 American Association of Petroleum Geologists Certificate of Merit, awarded for significant services to the society.
    
  • 2011 South Australian Young Tall Poppy Science Award
    
  • 2009 Australian Society of Exploration Geophysicists Early Achievement Award, inaugural recipient for "significant contributions to geophysics by a scientist under the age of 36".
  • 2003/2004 Harold Woolhouse Prize for the best scientific PhD Thesis at the University of Adelaide - the first geoscientist to receive the Faculty of Science's highest postgraduate prize.
  • 2002 Royal Society of South Australia Postgraduate Prize, best presentation by a PhD student.
  • 2002 American Association of Petroleum Geologists Grants-in-Aid Award.
  • 2002 Best Presenter Award, Victorian Universities Earth Sciences Conference, tectonics section.
  • 2001 European Union Young Researchers Grant.
  • 1999 DR Stranks Travel Fellowship from the University of Adelaide
  • 1998 Normandy Mining Prize, top honours geophysics student at Adelaide University.
  • 1998 J B Were & Son Prize, best honours thesis in economic geology.

• Teaching Interests

  I am no longer teaching in my adjunct role. However, I have previously taught undergraduate courses in Drilling Engineering, Petroleum Geomechanics, Petroleum Geology, Sedimentology and Stratigraphy, and Geology for Engineers.

  I have a strong interest in learning and teaching issues, with particular emphasis on increasing student engagement, developing group work and research skills, and wikis. In 2011 I completed a Graduate Certificate in Higher Education. I currently help co-run a L&T discussion group at the Australian School of Petroleum, am a founding member of the Australian Geoscience Learning and Teaching Network and helping to organize the 1st Australian Geoscience Teaching Workshop in January 2012.

  In addition to undergraduate teaching, I have also taught several professional short courses in petroleum geomechanics, tectonics, overpressures and pore pressure prediction ranging from 1-5 days length for petroleum companies, including BP, PETRONAS, PTTEP and for the American Asociation of Petroleum Geologists and Society of Petroleum Engineers.

• Research Interests

  My research interests are primarily in the field of petroleum geomechanics and tectonics as a part of the 'Stress, Structure and Seismic' (S-cubed) Research Group at the Australian School of Petroleum. My main research focus is in determining the present-day/contemporary state of stress and comparing this to recent structural styles. I also examine the implications and applications of the present-day state of stress for petroleum exploration and production (e.g. wellbore stability, fracture stimulation, seal breach by fault reactivation) and for geothermal power production.

  My research also examines the relationship between stress, pore pressure and deformation. In particular, I examine how rocks break and bend and how fluids flow in extremely high overpressured environments (or very low effective stresses). As part of this research, I have looked at mobile shale features, such as mud volcanoes, shale diapirs and shale dykes in a number of locations, including Brunei, Malaysia, Indonesia, Azerbaijan and offshore Egypt.In recent years I have conducted extensive analysis of the origins and evolution of the Lusi mud flow disaster that has been flooding the town of Sidoarjo, Indonesia since May 2006.

  My current research (funded by ARC Discovery Grants) is focussed on present-day stresses neotectonics of Australia and SE Asia; examining the origin of overpressure and improved methods for pore pressure prediction, and; the development of delta-deepwater fold-thrust belt systems. My research has involved collaborative (unfunded) research with petroleum companies in Australia, Thailand, Malaysia and Brunei. In recent years I have conducted a range of stress studies around the world as part of the World Stress Map Project, including projects in Egypt, Azerbaijan, Oman, Germany, UK and the USA.

• Research Funding

  • Chief Investigator, ARC Discovery Project DP120103849 'Contemporary stress and tectonics of Australia', 2012-2014.
  • Chief Investigator, ARC Discovery Project DP120101460 'Detachments in evaporites and shales: their controls on fold-thrust belt style and wedge geometry', 2012-2014.
    
  • Chief Investigator, ARC Discovery Project DP0878258 ‘Present-day stress and tectonics of deltas and deepwater fold-thrust belts', 2008-2010.
  • Australian Postdoctoral Fellow, ARC Discovery Project DP0665194 ‘Crustal stress field of SE Asia', 2006-2009.
  • Chief Investigator, ARC Discovery Project DP0556016 'Present-day crustal stresses of NW Borneo: neotectonics of an active collisional margin', 2005-2007.

• Publications

  REFERRED PUBLICATIONS (reverse chronological order)

  1.     Tingay, M., Rudolph, M., Manga, M., Davies, R., Wang, C.-Y., 2015 – in press. Initiation of the Lusi Mudflow Disaster. Nature Geoscience.

  2.     Tingay, M., 2015. Initial pore pressures under the Lusi mud volcano, Indonesia. Interpretation, 3, SE33-SE49.

  3.     Morley, C., Warren, J., Tingay, M., Boonyasaknanon, P. & Julapour, A., 2014. Comparison of modern fluid distribution, pressure and flow in sediments associated with anticlines growing in deepwater (Brunei) and continental environments (Iran). Marine and Petroleum Geology, 51, 210-229.

  4.     Altmann, J., Muller, B., Muller, T., Heidbach, O., Tingay, M. & Weisshardt, A., 2014. Pore pressure stress coupling in 3D and consequences for reservoir stress states and fault reactivation. Geothermics, 52, 195-205.

  5.     Rajabi, M., Tingay, M. & Heidbach, O., 2014. The present-day stress pattern in the Middle East and Northern Africa and Their importance: The world stress map database contains the lowest wellbore information in these petroliferous areas. Proceedings of the SPE - International Petroleum Technology Conference 2014, 5, 3793-3801.

  6.     Tingay, M., Morley, C., Laird, A., Limpornpipat, O., Krisadasima, K., Suwit, P. & Macintyre, H., 2013. Evidence for Overpressure Generation by Kerogen-to-Gas Maturation in the Northern Malay Basin. AAPG Bulletin, 97, 639-672.

  7.     Rajabi, M.  & Tingay, M., 2013. Applications of intelligent systems in petroleum geomechanics - Prediction of geomechanical properties in different types of sedimentary rocks. Proceedings of the International Workshop on Geomechanics and Energy, Lausanne, Paper Code 103375.

  8.     Tingay, M., Bentham, P., De Feyter, A. & Kellner, A., 2012. Evidence for non-Andersonian faulting above evaporites in the Nile Delta. In: Healy, D., Butler, R.W.H., Shipton, Z.K. & Sibson, R.H. (eds.) Faulting, Fracturing and Igneous Intrusion in the Earth's Crust. Geological Society of London Special Publication, London, 367, 155-170.

  9.     Tingay, M., Morley, C., Laird, A., Limpornpipat, O., Krisadasima, K., Pabchanda, S. & Macintyre, H., 2012. Overpressures in the Northern Malay Basin: Part 1 - Origin and distribution. Proceedings of the SPE - International Petroleum Technology Conference 2012, 4, 3260-3271.

  10.  Abul Khair, H., Backe, G., King, R., Holford, S., Tingay, M., Cooke, D. & Hand, M., 2012. Factors influencing fracture networks within Permian shale intervals in the Cooper Basin, South Australia. Australian Petroleum Production and Exploration Association Journal, 52, 213-227.

  11.  King, R., Backé, G., Tingay, M., Hillis, R. & Mildren, S., 2012. Stress deflections around salt diapirs in the Gulf of Mexico Delta Systems, U.S.A. In: Healy, D., Butler, R.W.H., Shipton, Z.K. & Sibson, R.H. (eds.) Faulting, Fracturing and Igneous Intrusion in the Earth's Crust. Geological Society of London Special Publication, London, 367, 141-153.

  12.  King, R., Holford, S., Hillis, R., Tuitt, A., Swierczek, E., Backe, G., Tassone, D. & Tingay, M., 2012. Reassessing the in-situ stress regimes of Australia’s Petroleum Basins. Australian Petroleum Production and Exploration Association Journal, 52, 415-425.

  13.  Limpornpipat, O., Laird, A., Tingay, M., Morley, C.K., Kaewla, C. & Macintyre, H., 2012. Overpressures in the Northern Malay Basin: Part 2 - Implications for pore pressure prediction. Proceedings of the SPE - International Petroleum Technology Conference 2012, 4, 3278-3289.

  14.  Sagala, A.J.I. & Tingay, M., 2012. Analysis of overpressure and its generating mechanisms in the Northern Carnarvon Basin from drilling data. Australian Petroleum Production and Exploration Association Journal, 52, 375-390.

  15.  Tuitt, A., King, R., Hergert, T., Tingay, M. & Hillis, R., 2012. Modelling of sediment wedge movement along low-angle detachments using ABAQUS. In: Healy, D., Butler, R.W.H., Shipton, Z.K. & Sibson, R.H. (eds.) Faulting, Fracturing and Igneous Intrusion in the Earth's Crust. Geological Society of London Special Publication, London, 367, 171-183.

  16.  Tingay, M., Bentham, P., De Feyter, A. & Kellner, A., 2011. Present-day stress field rotations associated with evaporites in the offshore Nile Delta. GSA Bulletin, 123, 1171-1180.

  17.  Davies, R., Mathias, S., Swarbrick, R. & Tingay, M., 2011. Probabilistic longevity estimate for the LUSI mud volcano, East Java. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 168, 517-523.

  18.  Davies, R.J., Manga, M., Tingay, M. & Swarbrick, R., 2011. Discussion: Fluid transport properties and estimation of overpressure at the Lusi mud volcano, East Java Basin (Tanikawa et al., 2010). Engineering Geology, 121, 97-99.

  19.  Morley, C., King, R., Hillis, R., Tingay, M. & Backé, G., 2011. Deepwater fold and thrust belt classification, tectonics, structure and hydrocarbon prospectivity: A review. Earth Science Reviews, 104, 41-91.

  20.  Roberts, K., Davies, R.J., Stewart, S. & Tingay M., 2011. Structural controls on mud volcano vent distributions: examples from Azerbaijan and Lusi, East Java. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 168, 1013-1030.

  21.  Tassone, D., Holford, S., Tingay, M., Tuitt, A., Stoker, M. & Hillis, R., 2011. Overpressures in the central Otway Basin: the result of rapid Pliocene-Recent sedimentation? Australian Petroleum Production and Exploration Association Journal, 51, 439-458.

  22.  Tingay, M., Morley, C., King, R., Hillis, R., Coblentz, D. & Hall, R., 2010. Present-day stress field of Southeast Asia. Tectonophysics, 482, 92-104, doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2009.06.019.

  23.  Tingay, M., Morley, C., Hillis, R.R. & Meyer, J.J., 2010. Present-day stress orientation in Thailand’s basins. Journal of Structural Geology, 32, 235-248.

  24.  Tingay, M., 2010. Anatomy of the ‘Lusi’ mud eruption, East Java. Australian Society of Exploration Geophysicists 21st International Conference and Exhibition, 23-26 Aug 2010, Sydney, Australia, 6p., doi:10.1071/ASEG2010ab241.

  25.  Altmann, J., Müller, T., Müller, B., Tingay, M. & Heidbach, O., 2010. Poroelastic Contribution to the reservoir stress path. International Journal of Rock Mechanics Mining Sciences, 47, 1104-1113.

  26.  Davies, R.J., Manga, M., Tingay, M., Lusianga, S. & Swarbrick, R., 2010. Discussion: Sawolo et al., (2009) The LUSI mud volcano controversy: Was it caused by drilling? Marine and Petroleum Geology, 27, 1651-1657.

  27.  Heidbach, O., Tingay, M., Barth, A., Reinecker, J., Kurfeβ, D. & Müller, B., 2010. Global crustal stress pattern based on the 2008 World Stress Map database release. Tectonophysics, 482, 3-15.

  28.  Heidbach, O., Tingay, M. & Wenzel F., 2010. Frontiers of stress research. Tectonophysics, 482, 1-2, doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2009.11.009.

  29.  King, R.C., Tingay, M., Hillis, R., Morley, C.K. & Clark, J., 2010. Present-day stress orientations and tectonic provinces of the NW Borneo collisional margin: more than plate boundary forces. Journal of Geophysical Research, 115, B10415.

  30.  King, R.C., Hillis, R., Tingay, M. & Damit, A., 2010. Present-day stresses in Brunei, NW Borneo: superposition of deltaic and active margin tectonics. Basin Research, 22, 236-247.

  31.  King, R.C., Backé, G., Morley, C.K., Hillis, R.R. & Tingay, M., 2010. Balancing deformation in NW Borneo: Quantifying plate-scale vs gravitational tectonics in a Delta and Deepwater Fold-Thrust Belt System. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 27, 238-246.

  32.  Rajabi, M., Sherkati, S., Bahman, B. & Tingay, M., 2010. Subsurface fracture analysis and determination of in-situ stress direction using FMI logs: An example from the Santonian Carbonates (Ilam Formation) in the Abadan Plain, Iran. Tectonophysics, 492, 192-200.

  33.  Reinecker, J., Tingay, M., Müller, B. & Heidbach, O., 2010. Present-day stress orientation in the Molasse Basin. Tectonophysics, 482, 129-138.

  34.  Tingay, M., Hillis, R.R., Swarbrick, R.E., Morley, C.K. & Damit, A.R. 2009a. Origin of overpressure and pore pressure prediction in the Baram Delta Province, Brunei. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 93, 51-74.

  35.  Tingay, M., Hillis, R.R., Morley, C.K., King, R.C., Swarbrick, R.E. & Damit, A.R. 2009b. Present-day stress and neotectonics of Brunei: implications for petroleum exploration and production. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 93, 75-100.

  36.  Tingay, M., Morley, C., King, R., Hillis, R. & Coblentz, D. 2009. Southeast Asian stress map: implications for petroleum exploration and production. First Break, 27 (11), 81-88.

  37.  Tingay, M., 2009. State and origin of present-day stress fields in sedimentary basins. Australian Society of Exploration Geophysicists 20th International Conference and Exhibition, 22-25 Feb 2009, Adelaide, Australia, doi:10.1071/ASEG2009ab037.

  38.  King, R.C., Hillis, R.R., Tingay, M. & Morley, C.K. 2009. Present-day stress and neotectonic provinces of the Baram Delta (and deepwater fold-thrust belt). Journal of the Geological Society, London, 166, 197-200.

  39.  Heidbach, O., Tingay, M., Barth, A., Reinecker, J., Kurfeß, D. & Müller, B., 2009. The World Stress Map based on the database release 2008, Commission of the Geological Map of the World, Paris., 1:46 M doi:10.1594/GFZ.WSM.Map2009.

  40.  Tingay, M., Heidbach, O., Davies, R. & Swarbrick, R.E. 2008. Triggering of the Lusi mud eruption: earthquake versus drilling initiation. Geology, 36, 639-642.

  41.  Altmann, J., Müller, B., Tingay, M., Heidbach, O. & Müller, T., 2008. Towards 3D spatio-temporal pore pressure stress coupling prediction in reservoirs. Society of Petroleum Engineers - European Association of Geoscientists and Engineers 70th Conference and Exhibition - Incorporating SPE EUROPEC 2008, 4, 2627-2631.

  42.  Davies, R., Brumm, M., Manga, M., Rubiandini, R., Swarbrick, R. & Tingay, M. 2008. The east Java mud volcano (2006 to present): an earthquake or drilling trigger?. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 272, 627-638.

  43.  Franke, D., Barckhausen, U., Heyde, I., Tingay, M. & Ramli, N. 2008. Seismic images of a collision zone offshore NW Sabah/Borneo. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 25, 606-624.

  44.  Morley, C.K., Tingay, M., Hillis, R.R. & King, R.C. 2008. Relationship between structural style, overpressures and modern stress, Baram Delta province, NW Borneo. Journal of Geophysical Research, 113, B09410, doi:10.1029/2007JB005324, 23 p.

  45.  Müller, B., Altmann, J., Dorner, A., Müller, T. & Tingay, M. 2008. Modeling pore pressure/stress coupling. In: Potvin, Y., Carter, J., Dyskin, A. & Jeffrey, R. (eds) Proceedings of the 1st Southern Hemisphere International Rock Mechanics Symposium. Australian Centre for Geomechanics, Perth, 2, 275-285.

  46.  Tingay, M., Hillis, R.R., Swarbrick, R.E., Morley, C.K. & Damit, A.R. 2007. Vertically transferred overpressures in Brunei: evidence for a new mechanism for the formation of high magnitude overpressures. Geology, 35, 1023-1026.

  47.  Tingay, M., Wenzel, F., Fuchs, K., Rossi, P., Heidbach, O., Muller, B., Reinecker, J., Sperner, B., & Cadet J.-P., 2007. World Stress Map published. Eos, 88(47), 504.

  48.  Heidbach, O., Reinecker, J., Tingay, M., Müller, B., Sperner, B., Fuchs, K. & Wenzel, F. 2007. Plate boundary forces are not enough: Second- and third-order stress patterns highlighted in the World Stress Map database. Tectonics, 26, TC6014, doi:10.1029/2007TC002133, 19 p.

  49.  Heidbach, O., Fuchs, K., Muller, B., Reinecker, J., Sperner, B., Tingay, M. & Wenzel, F. 2007. The World Stress Map. Episodes, 30, 197-201.

  50.  Heidbach, O., Fuchs, K., Müller, B., Reinecker, J., Sperner, B., Tingay, M. & Wenzel, F. 2007. The World Stress Map - Release 2005, Commission of the Geological Map of the World, Paris.

  51.  Tingay, M., Müller, B., Reinecker, J. & Heidbach, O. 2006. State and origin of the present-day stress field in sedimentary basins: New results from the World Stress Map Project. 41st U.S. Symposium on Rock Mechanics, Golden Rocks 2006, Published Plenary Paper ARMA/USRMS 06-1049, 14 p.

  52.  Reinecker J., Tingay M. & Müller B. 2006. The use of the World Stress Map database for rock engineers. In: Lu, M., Li, C., Kjørholt, H. & Dahle, H. (eds) In-situ Rock Stress Measurement, Interpretation and Application. Taylor & Francis Group, London, 505-510.

  53.  Tingay, M., Hillis, R.R., Morley, C.K., Swarbrick, R.E. & Drake, S.J. 2005a. Present-day stress orientation in Brunei: a snapshot of ‘prograding tectonics’ in a Tertiary delta. Journal of the Geological Society of London, 162, 39-49.

  54.  Tingay, M., Müller, B., Reinecker, J., Heidbach, O., Wenzel, F. & Fleckenstein, P. 2005b. Understanding tectonic stress in the oil patch: The World Stress Map Project. The Leading Edge, 24, 1276-1282.

  55.  Müller, B., Heidbach, O. & Tingay, M. 2005. The World Stress Map – an essential and easy accessible tool for geohazard assessment. In: Ismail-Zadeh, A. (ed) Geodynamics, Georisk and Sustainable Development in the Black Sea to Caspian Region. American Institute of Physics, Melville, 825, 19-31.

  56.  Tingay, M., Hillis, R.R., Morley, C.K., Swarbrick, R.E. & Drake, S.J. 2005. ‘Prograding’ tectonics in Brunei: Regional implications for fault sealing. 40th U.S. Symposium on Rock Mechanics, Alaska Rocks 2005, Published Paper ARMA/USRMS 05-785, 14 p.

  57.  Tingay, M., Hillis, R.R., Swarbrick, R.E. & Morley, C.K. 2005. Origin and petrophysical log response of overpressures in the Baram Delta province, Brunei. Proceedings of the 30th Indonesian Petroleum Association 2005 Convention. Indonesian Petroleum Association, Jakarta, 1, 381-390.

  58.  Wagner, D., Müller, B. & Tingay, M. 2004. Correcting for tool decentralization of oriented six-arm caliper logs for determination of contemporary tectonic stress orientation. Petrophysics, 45, 530-539.

  59.  Heidbach, O., Barth, A., Connolly, P., Fuchs, K., Müller, B., Reinecker, J., Sperner, B., Tingay, M. & Wenzel, F. 2004. Stress Maps in a Minute: The 2004 World Stress Map Release. Eos, 85, 521-529.

  60.  Tingay, M., Hillis, R., Morley, C., Swarbrick, R. & Okpere, E., 2003. Variation in vertical stress in the Baram Basin, Brunei: tectonic and geomechanical implications. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 20, 1201-1212.

  61.  Tingay, M., Hillis, R., Morley, C., Swarbrick, R. & Okpere, E., 2003. Pore pressure/stress coupling in Brunei Darussalam – implications for shale injection. In: Van Rensbergen, P., Hillis, R.R., Maltman, A.J. & Morley, C.K. (eds.) Subsurface Sediment Mobilization. Geological Society of London Special Publication, London, 216, 369-379

  62.  Tingay M., Brooker, P. & Basford P., 2001. Electrical and transient electromagnetic modelling of a copper prospect near Cobar, NSW. Proceedings of the Modelling and Simulation Society of Australia and New Zealand Congress, 4, 1955-1960.

   

• Professional Associations

  Geological Society of London, American Association of Petroleum Geologists, European Association of Geoscientists and Engineers, Society of Exploration Geophysicists, Society of Petroleum Engineers, American Geophysical Union, Australian Society of Exploration Geophysicists (SA branch committee member; federal education committee member), Petroleum Exploration Society of Australia

• Community Engagement

  I am actively engaged in science communication through Twitter (@CriticalStress_) and previously through the Scientists in Schools program. I also routinely give presentations on my research to amateur science groups.

  I regularly give interviews to the media on topics related to geoscience and the petroleum industry. To date I have given over 100 interviews on topics including the Sidoarjo mud flow disaster, volcanoes, earthquakes, geothermal energy, oil field blowouts, mining seismicity, oil and gas production and oil industry regulation.

• Media Expertise

  Categories	Environment, Mining & Energy
  Expertise	Petroleum; Oil spills; Blowouts; Drilling; hydraulic fracturing; Mud Volcanoes; Geomechanics; Rock Mechanics; Earthquakes; Geothermal; SE Asia; Tectonics; Volcanoes; Sidoarjo Mudflow
  Notes	Dr Tingay has been awarded an Australian Postdoctoral Fellowship, in addition to 20 other academic awards and prizes. He has given over 100 public presentations ranging from conference plenary lectures to non-scientific public seminars and over 80 media interviews for radio, TV, current affairs and documentaries.

Entry last updated: Sunday, 3 Oct 2021