3D road markings to improve pedestrian safety

Blue and white 3D-style triangles have been installed to create an “optical illusion”, making drivers aware they are approaching a 40 km/h zone with high pedestrian activity. Dr Mario Mongiardini is joined by Dr Christopher Stokes in the project team.

"The whole idea is to use this 3D marking design to give motorists an effective visual ‘heads-up’ of the change of road environment ahead," Dr Mongiardini explains.

"The marking comprises a series of simple triangle shapes located alongside both sides of the travel lane leading into the 40 km/h section. These triangles appear to be slightly floating over the road surface through a perceptual visual illusion.

“Additionally, a purposely designed change in the gap between consecutive shapes and their size is expected to further induce a traffic calming effect."

The markings have been installed on Magill Road, Magill, and Seaview Road, Henley Beach — zones with high pedestrian activity.

Dr Mongiardini and Dr Stokes developed the designs through preliminary testing of early 3D prototypes and identified appropriate trial locations.

Dr Mongiardini explains that this type of floating 3D road marking has the potential to catch motorists' attention, induce a sense of warning, and improve awareness of pedestrians.

"It is expected to make drivers aware of the changing road environment ahead and encourage them to reduce speed, ultimately enhancing pedestrian safety in that critical section of the road."

If the project is successful, the markings could be used in specific sites where transitions to lower speed limits may not be clearly identified due to sudden or unclear changes in the road environment. However, Dr Mongiardini notes they should be used strategically and without oversaturation.

"This targeted application would help deliver a clear and consistent warning to motorists while maintaining its effectiveness.”

Similar 3D markings have been successfully implemented in Singapore, particularly at boulevard-style entries to 30 km/h zones that large numbers of pedestrians frequent — especially older people and children. A broad variation of other 3D markings are also used worldwide for speed mitigation or to convey warning messages.

"Lowering vehicle speeds and increasing driver alertness in high-pedestrian areas can significantly reduce crash risks and the severity of injuries when crashes are unavoidable," Dr Mongiardini says.

This project is funded by the Australian Government through the Department of Infrastructure, Transport, Regional Development, Communications and the Arts.